Before then, you can check out all of our chemistry in its element podcasts at /podcasts, and our special collection to celebrate Mendeleev’s birthday at /periodic-table. Join Kit Chapman as he speaks with the Mayor of Livermore next time. it was literally the high point of my career.' 'Being a chemist, having an element named after my city, then having the opportunity to go to Moscow to the naming ceremony to the Central Science Club in Moscow. The next stop on our journey is element 116, now named after the Californian town of Livermore – the importance of which is not lost on John Marchand, the Mayor. But like its cold war counterpart California, Moscow state's contribution to the chemical elements will never be forgotten. To date, only about 100 atoms of moscovium have been observed, making it one of the rarest elements ever seen. Even so, the isotopes were still gone in less than a second. This produced two heavier isotopes, Mc289 and Mc290, with even longer half-lives. Only a few atoms of moscovium have ever been made, and they are only used in scientific study. When the collaboration created element 117, now called tennessine, this loss of an alpha particle transmuted the nucleus into moscovium. When superheavy elements decay, they give off alpha particles – helium ions – losing two protons and two neutrons. The other way is by radioactive decay chains. The first is by a direct collision: bombarding americium with calcium to produce something with a half-life of about 100 miliseconds. The Dubna–Livermore team have, to date, been able to make moscovium in two ways. But the 21 st century would see Berkeley move on to other interests.
It was a race that dominated the 20 th century. Founded in the 1950s as a Russian answer to CERN, for most of the cold war what became known as the Flerov Laboratory of Nuclear Reactions had been engaged in a tooth-and-nail race to discover new elements against Glenn Seaborg and Al Ghiorso at the Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory in the US. No wonder we need to recycle it to meet the elements demand. At the time of recording, it's also the leading facility in the world for making the heaviest elements known to man. So, an element with a multitude of uses, varying from solar cells and windscreen demisters to LCD screens, batteries and even dental materials.
It's about 70 miles north of Moscow, where the capital's canal joins the Volga river. The most important attribute of this heavier, stable element is that. The Joint Institute for Nuclear Research is based in Dubna, Russia. Element 115, the key to understanding how the ultra-secret 'Black World' has created aircraft capable of manipulating gravity and space/time, has been identified, and the recent discovery of element 118, which decayed into element 114, further helps identify the possibilities. Moscovium is one of these, and is so tricky to produce that we’ve only ever recorded about 100 atoms in existence. As we continue along the periodic table, to the newest and heaviest elements ever observed, we get to elements that are extremely hard to make, and only survive for milliseconds.
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